Eur Ing Dr. Robert Brown

A solar panel, or photo-voltaic (PV) module, is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework for installation. Solar panels use sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity. A collection of PV modules is called a PV panel, and a system of PV panels is called an array. Arrays of a photovoltaic system supply solar electricity to electrical equipment. A photovoltaic system typically includes an array of photovoltaic modules, an inverter, int

Schedule 4: UK nationally approved electricity meters Is your electricity meter old ? Is your electricity meter reading correctly? UK nationally approved electricity meters are approved under the Electricity Act 1989 and the pattern or construction of the meter type must conform to the requirements specified in the accompanying regulations. Formal approval certificates are issued by the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) to manufacturers of electricity meters. Th

A power outage (also called a power cut, a power out, a power blackout, power failure or a blackout) is a short-term or a long-term loss of the electric power to a particular area. There are many causes of power failures in an electricity network. Examples of these causes include faults at power stations, damage to electric transmission lines, substations or other parts of the distribution system, a short circuit, cascading failure, fuse or circuit breaker operation. Power fa

What are Surge Protective Devices? Surge Protective Devices (SPD) are used to protect sensitive electronic equipment such as, computers, televisions, washing machines and safety circuits, such as, fire detection systems and emergency lighting, from transient over voltages (voltage surges). It is now common for an SPD such as that shown in Figure 1, to be fitted within the consumer unit (distribution board) of an electrical system. What are transient over voltages? Transient o

Every year cases are reported of angling equipment contacting overhead electric power lines. Some have resulted in horrific burn injuries and even death. With the increasing development of fishing rods and poles, there is a risk of accidental contact with overhead electric power lines. · Overhead electric power lines are difficult to see at night and against a dark or light background. · Electricity lines normally have yellow ‘Danger of Death’ warning notices fitted

Fraser George are a specialist scientific research house, concentrating on the understanding of fundamental electrical phenomenon with the purpose to supplement expert witness services to the legal profession and to private individuals in the fields of: electrical engineering electronic engineering control system engineering Scope of Services · Forensic Engineering · Insurance Claim Causation and Evaluation · Contract Disputes · Personal Injury · Inte

For optimum sound performance of an audio system, is it necessary to use expensive ‘stranded’ copper wire or could standard domestic ‘solid’ copper cable be used? Audio speaker cable/wire is a passive electrical component and fundamentally constitutes an electrical conductor with the function to convey electrical signals from a signal source, most often an audio amplifier to an audio speaker. The term ‘audio’ refers to the range of the ‘pitch’ or ‘frequency’ of sound energy c

Benjamin FranklinFRS FRSA FRSE (1706 - 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher. A painting of Benjamin Franklin from 1778 As a scientist, Franklin was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among othe

Eur Ing Dr Robert Brown (Robert) is the Executive Director of Fraser George and Associates Limited and is a Consultant and Forensic Engineer in the fields Electrical Electronic and Control Engineering. Robert is an accomplished professional Expert Witness having prepared and presented many court compliant reports and presented oral evidence within the High Court, Crown Courts and County Courts. For further information please contact Robert via; Email,…robert.brown@frasergeorg

Introducing the new website for Fraser George and Associates Limited,.. parent company of Eur Ing Dr Robert E Brown. An investment to allow for improved SEO services www.frasergeorge.com Eur Ing Dr Robert Brown (Robert) is the Executive Director of Fraser George and Associates Limited and is a Consultant and Forensic Engineer in the fields Electrical Electronic and Control Engineering. Robert is an accomplished professional Expert Witness having prepared and presented many co

A guide for insurance loss adjusters and legal professionals From fundamental principles of electricity to causation circumstances and principals of causationof electrical power surges, ‘spikes’ in electrical systems Eur Ing Dr Robert Brown BEng (Hons) PhD CEng MIET IntPE (UK) Abstract The intent of this paper is to aid the understanding of the origins and consequences of ‘electrical transients’, ‘power surges’ or ‘spikes’ in electrical systems. The paper is intentionally no

Electrical protection devices are specially design components, which are incorporated within an electrical system to protect the system and/or a user of the system from the consequences of an electrical ‘fault’. There numerous types of electrical fault, for example a short circuit, a poor electrical connection, loose wire etc., yet in each case the fault has a direct influence on the magnitude of the flow of electrical current through the electrical circuit in which the prote

This short article attempts to enlighten on the subject of electrical energy, what it is, how its measured, how much (quantum) do we use to say boil a mug of water in a standard kettle, what is the average electrical energy consumption per household. Attributes of electrical meters are presented, how to check accuracy of a meter and how to check whether a meter is current,.. i.e. on the list of the Governments nationally approved electricity meters. A brief introduction of el

Edith Clarke was the first woman to be professionally employed as an electrical engineer in the United States, and also the first female professor of electrical engineering. She was the first woman to deliver a paper at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the first female engineer whose professional standing was recognized by Tau Beta Pi (the oldest engineering honour society and the second oldest collegiate honour society in the United States), and the first woma

Hertha Ayrton was a British engineer, mathematician, physicist and inventor, and was awarded the Hughes Medal by the Royal Society for her work on electric arcs and ripple marks in sand and water. In the late nineteenth century, electric arc lighting was in wide use for public lighting. The tendency of electric arcs to flicker and hiss was a major problem. In 1895, Hertha Ayrton wrote a series of articles for the Electrician which in the periods 1861–1863 and 1878–1952, was t

BS7671 Requirements for Electrical Installations - Regulation 522.8.4 "Where the conductors or cables are not supported continuously due to the method of installation, they shall be supported by suitable means at appropriate intervals in such a manner that the conductors or cables do not suffer damage by their own weight". Eur Ing Dr Robert Brown (Robert) is the Executive Director of Fraser George and Associates Limited and is a Consultant and Forensic Engineer in the fields

Eur Ing Dr Robert Brown (Robert) is the Executive Director of Fraser George and Associates Limited and is a Consultant and Forensic Engineer in the fields Electrical Electronic and Control Engineering. Robert is an accomplished professional Expert Witness having prepared and presented many court compliant reports and presented oral evidence within the High Court, Crown Courts and County Courts. For further information please contact Robert via; Email,…robert.brown@frasergeorg

Hedy Lamarr was an Austrian-born American film actress and inventor, most famous for her role as Delilah in Cecil B. DeMille's film Samson and Delilah (1949). However, Lamarr was technically minded and was an inventor filing several patents in her lifetime. Lamarr had no formal training and was primarily self-taught, she worked in her spare time on various hobbies and inventions, which included an improved traffic stoplight and a tablet that would dissolve in water to create

A battery or ‘cell’ is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. When two are more cells are joined together in such a way that the electrical current generated from each cell flows in the same direction, the combination of cells is referred to as a ‘battery of cells’. There are two basic types of batteries: the primary non rechargeable battery where generation of electrical energy ceases when chemical reactions to generate electrical energy becomes exhau